Anticancer natural medicines: An overview of cell signaling and other targets of anticancer phytochemicals

Akhtar, Muhammad Furqan and Saleem, Ammara and Rasul, Azhar and Baig, Mirza Muhammad Faran Ashraf and Bin-Jumah, May and Daim, Mohamed M. Abdel (2020) Anticancer natural medicines: An overview of cell signaling and other targets of anticancer phytochemicals. European Journal of Pharmacology.

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Abstract

Therapies of cancer are as diverse as multifaceted the cancer is. Anticancer drugs include, but not limited to
synthetic, semisynthetic and natural drugs and monoclonal antibodies. A recent decline in new drug development
has led to the rebirth of herbal therapeutics in the form of dietary supplements and botanical preparations.
Medicinal plants comprise of complex phytochemicals due to vast biosynthetic capacity. A wide array of phytochemicals
has been pharmacologically evaluated for their chemo-preventive and chemotherapeutic potential
for several decades. These phytochemicals target cancer at diverse sites such as apoptotic pathways, genetic and
epigenetic mutations, damage to deoxyribonucleic acid, production of reactive oxygen species, autophagy, invasion
and metastasis of cancer cells, and modulation of cell signaling through Janus-activated kinase/Signal
transducer and activator of transcription, Notch, mitogen-activated protein kinase/Extracellular signal-regulated
kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin, Nuclear factor kappa B,
Wingless-related integration site and Transforming growth factor β pathways. This review focuses on the therapeutic
targets of anticancer and chemo-preventive phytochemicals and their mode of action.

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