Chemical characterization, antioxidant evaluation, and antidiabetic potential of Pinus gerardiana (Pine nuts) extracts

Zulfqar, Faiqa and Akhtar, Muhammad Furqan and Saleem, Ammara and Sharif, Ali and Akhtar, Bushra and Saleem, Uzma (2020) Chemical characterization, antioxidant evaluation, and antidiabetic potential of Pinus gerardiana (Pine nuts) extracts. Journal of Food Biochemistry. pp. 1-12. ISSN 1745-4514

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Abstract

Methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of pine nuts were evaluated for in vitro antioxidant
and inhibition of alpha-amylase activities. Pine nut extracts were orally administered
to alloxan monohydrate-induced diabetes in mice at 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg.
Both extracts showed a significant antioxidant and inhibition of alpha-amylase
activities. Animal studies showed a decline in fasting blood glucose, hyperlipidemia,
and weight loss in diabetic mice. The administration of plant extracts decreased the
blood glucose level during the oral glucose tolerance test. Histopathological examination
showed a decrease in alloxan-induced lesions in the pancreas, liver, and kidney
of animals treated with pine nut extracts. Furthermore, pine nut extract ameliorated
oxidative stress-induced hepatotoxicity in diabetic mice. The presence of quercetin,
gallic acid, vanillic acid, benzoic acid, syringic acid, m-coumaric acid, and other phenolic
compounds might be related to hypoglycemic, alpha-amylase inhibitory, antioxidant,
and antihyperlipidemic potential of pine nut extracts.
Practical applications
Dry fruits are rich in dietary nutrients, minerals, and phytochemicals that can be used
to treat and prevent lifestyle disease. Pine nuts are edible and have economic importance
in addition to several traditional uses such as diuretic, antiseptic, expectorant,
antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antihypertensive, and antineuralgic properties.
This study was conducted to investigate the pine nut extracts for their antioxidant
and antidiabetic potentials using in vitro methods and animal disease model. The
findings of the present study suggest that the extracts of Pine nuts may be helpful in
treating hyperglycemia during diabetes and prevent its complications such as hepatic
damage, nephrotoxicity, weight loss, and hyperlipidemia.

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