Polystichum braunii extracts inhibit Complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis via upregulation of I-κB, IL-4, and IL-10, downregulation of COX-2, PGE2, IL-1β, IL-6, NF-κB, and TNF-α, and subsiding oxidative stress

Saleem, Ammara and Saleem, Mohammad and Akhtar, Muhammad Furqan and Shahzad, Muhammad and Jahan, Shah (2020) Polystichum braunii extracts inhibit Complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis via upregulation of I-κB, IL-4, and IL-10, downregulation of COX-2, PGE2, IL-1β, IL-6, NF-κB, and TNF-α, and subsiding oxidative stress. Inflammopharmacology. pp. 1-16. ISSN 0925-4692

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Abstract

Polystichum braunii (Spenn.) Fée is a traditional remedy for rheumatoid arthritis, a chronic inflammatory disorder of polygenetic
origin. The current project was intended to demonstrate the role of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in
the anti-arthritic activity of the P. braunii extracts. Methanolic and aqueous extracts of the plant roots were prepared by triple
maceration. The phytochemical evaluation of the plant extracts was carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography
(HPLC). The plant extracts at 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg/day and piroxicam (10 mg/kg/day) were orally administered to Wistar
rats for 21 days that were previously immunized with Complete Freund’s adjuvant (150 μl on right hind paw) except normal
and arthritic control rats. Both plant extracts mitigated the paw oedema, restored the immune organ and body weights, and
ameliorated the level of blood parameters such as haemoglobin, red blood cells, platelets, white blood cells, alkaline phosphatase
(ALP), C-reactive proteins, and rheumatoid factor. The evaluation of gene expression using quantitative-real-time
polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) revealed the substantial downregulation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, Interleukin
(IL)-6, IL-1β, cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2, nuclear factor (NF)-κB, and upregulation of IL-4, IL-10 and I-κB in polyarthritic
rats treated with the plant extracts. Methanolic plant extract exhibited the maximum effect on upregulation of IL-4 (79 ± 3%),
IL-10 (62.66 ± 4.93%), and I-κB (73.66 ± 3.05%) at 600 mg/kg/day. Treatment with the plant extracts also reduced the level
of prostaglandin E2 and TNF-α in the serum of arthritic rats’ dose dependently. It was also found that the plant extracts
and piroxicam increased (p < 0.05) the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the liver tissue while reduced the
level of malondialdehyde in arthritic rats. Histological examination of ankle joints revealed that the plant extracts decreased
the pannus formation, inflammation, and synovial hyperplasia in arthritic animals. HPLC analysis depicted that the plant
extracts had contained kaempferol, quercetin, gallic acid, and other phenolic acids. It can be elucidated from the results that
the extracts of P. braunii roots exhibited anti-arthritic activity in Wistar rats through modulation of inflammatory cytokines
and boosting the antioxidant defense mechanism.

Item Type:	Article
Subjects:	R Medicine > RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology
Divisions:	Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FPS) > Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Lahore
Depositing User:	Dr. Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
Date Deposited:	06 Jun 2020 08:16
Last Modified:	06 Jun 2020 08:16
URI:	http://research.riphah.edu.pk/id/eprint/355

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