Items where Division is "Riphah College of Rehabiliation and Allied Sciences Islamabad" and Year is 2018
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., Shafia and .Mubeen, Raffa (2018) • Effect of working experience on mainstream teacher’s perception about inclusion of students with disabilities. Asian Journal of Management Sciences & Education, 7 (4). pp. 52-58.
Afridi, Ayesha (2018) Emerging role of exergaming rehabilitation of balance problems in the older adults Comment Response. JOURNAL OF THE PAKISTAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, 68 (7). p. 1145.
Afridi, Ayesha (2018) Response to Comments on Ayesha Afridi et al (J Pak Med Assoc. 68: 480-483, 2018) Emerging role of exergaming rehabilitation of balance problems in the older adults. JPMA: Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 68 (7). p. 1145.
Afridi, Ayesha (2018) Response to Comments on Ayesha Afridi et al (J Pak Med Assoc. 68: 480-483, 2018) Emerging role of exergaming rehabilitation of balance problems in the older adults. JPMA: Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 68 (7). p. 1145.
Afridi, Ayesha and Malik, Arshad Nawaz and Ali, Shaukat and Amjad, Imran (2018) Case Series: Effect of balance training in older adults using Wii fit plus. JPMA, 68 (3).
Afridi, Ayesha and Malik, Arshad Nawaz and Ali, Shaukat and Amjad, Imran (2018) Effect of balance training in older adults using Wii fit plus. JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 68 (3). pp. 480-483.
Afridi, Ayesha and Malik, Arshad Nawaz and Ali, Shaukat and Amjad, Imran (2018) Effect of balance training in older adults using Wii fit plus. JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 68 (3). pp. 480-483.
Afridi, Ayesha and Malik, Arshad Nawaz and Amjad, Imran (2018) Effect of balance training in older adults using Wii fit plus. Journal of Pakistan Medical Association, 68 (3). pp. 480-483.
Akram, Mehran and Ghous, Misbah and Tariq, Muhammad Iqbal (2018) The Association Between Physical activity with Cognitive And Cardiovascular Deconditioning In Age Related Decline Of College Students. Journal of Pakistan Medical Association, 68 (No. 12).
Ali, Sehrish and Hayat, Saanya and Amjad, Imran (2018) OBESITY; OBESITY ADDING DISEASE BURDEN IN ASTHMATIC FEMALES (DESCRIPTIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEY). Professional Medical Journal, 25 (11).
Amjad, Imran and Niazi, Imran Khan (2018) Effect of aerobic exercise on electroencephalogram parameters and cognitive functions in patients with mild cognitive impairment. International Journal of Neuroscience.
Anam, Zafar and Malik, Arshad Nawaz and Tahir, Masood (2018) Effect of Virtual Reality Training on Dynamic Balance of Chronic Stroke Patients. JIIMC.
Arany, Edith J and Waseem, Muhammad and Strutt, Brenda j and Reig, Astrid Chamson and Bernardo, Adam and Eng, Elizabeth and Hill, David J (2018) Direct comparison of the abilities of bone marrow mesenchymal versus hematopoietic stem cells to reverse hyperglycemia in diabetic NOD.SCID mice. Islets, 10 (4). pp. 137-150. ISSN 1938-2022
Arif, Adeela and Afzal, Muhammad Faheem and Shahzadi, Tasneen and Nawaz, Fauzia and Amjad, Imran (2018) Effects of myofascial trigger point release in plantar fasciitis for pain management. Journal Of Medical Sciences, 26 (2). pp. 128-131.
Arif, Adeela and Afzal, Muhammad Faheem and Shahzadi, Tasneen and Nawaz, Fauzia and Amjad, Imran (2018) Effects of myofascial trigger point release in plantar fasciitis for pain management. Journal Of Medical Sciences, 26 (2). pp. 128-131.
Ashfaq, Muhammad and Malik, Arshad Nawaz (2018) TRENDS AMONG THE PHYSICAL THERAPISTS ABOUT THE USE OF FUNCTIONAL STATUS ASSESSMENT TOOLS: A CROSS SECTIONAL SURVEY. International Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences (IJRS), 1 (01). pp. 20-24.
Aslam, Warda and Malik, Arshad Nawaz and Khan, Rabnawaz and Umar, Muhammmad (2018) Effectiveness Of Intensive Spirometry Along With Deep Breathing Blow Bottle Technique On Lung Functions In COPD Patients After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft. International Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences (IJRS), 4 (02). p. 53.
Awan, Waqar Ahmed and Arshad, Naveed and Babur, Muhammad Naveed (2018) Effectiveness of Bobath Motor Activities In Cerebral Palsy Children. International Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences (IJRS), 4 (02). p. 61.
Awan, Waqar Ahmed and Babur, Muhammad Naveed and Ali, Shaukat and Janjua, Usman (2018) The effectiveness of electrotherapy with manual therapy in the treatment of piriformis syndrome. International Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences (IJRS), 1 (01). pp. 16-19.
Awan, Waqar Ahmed and Mehmood, Riafat and Babur, Muhammad Naveed and Farooq, Noureen (2018) Association between Low Back Pain and Low Level of Physical Activities in Post Graduate Trainees of Surgery. International Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences (IJRS), 4 (02). p. 58.
Awan, Waqar Ahmed and Sumbla, A and Irfan, S and Rafaqat, A and Kashif, K (2018) The Effects of Standard Land-Based Endurance Exercise versus Pool-Based Exercise on Pain and Fitness of Patients with Cardiac Disease and Osteoarthritis. International Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences (IJRS), 2 (02). pp. 17-21.
Awan, Waqar Ahmed and Umar, Mian and Babur, Muhammad Naveed and Zia, Sundas (2018) The Effectiveness Of Phonophoresis With Corticosteroid In Rotator Cuff Syndrome. International Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences (IJRS), 4 (02). p. 51.
Babur, MN and Arjumand, M and Awan, Waqar Ahmed (2018) Entrepreneurial Potential among Undergraduate Students of Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) In Pakistan. International Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences (IJRS), 2 (01). pp. 19-25.
Babur, MN and Mansor, SN and Awan, Waqar Ahmed (2018) Multidisciplinary Approach in Rehabilitation Sciences. International Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences (IJRS), 2 (02). pp. 7-8.
Bashir, Sana and Naweed, Faryal and Cheema, Saira Akhter and Hussain, Sobaina and Siddiqi, Furqan Ahmad and Amjad, Imran and Kiani, Sania Khawar (2018) GERIATRIC POPULATION. The Professional Medical Journal, 25 (10). pp. 1474-1482.
Bashir, Sana and Naweed, Faryal and Cheema, Saira Akhter and Hussain, Sobaina and Siddiqi, Furqan Ahmad and Amjad, Imran and Kiani, Sania Khawar (2018) GERIATRIC POPULATION; EFFECTIVENESS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON QUALITY OF LIFE IN GERIATRIC POPULATION. Professional Medical Journal, 25 (10).
Ghous, Misbah and Kanwal, Maria (2018) Effects of Kabat rehabilitation verses taping to reduce facial disability and synkinesis in Bell's Palsy. Rawal Medical Journal, 43 (No. 3). pp. 543-546.
Ghous, Misbah and Kanwal, Maria (2018) Know! Let the ignorance unfold, Use of standardized outcome measures in physiotherapy practice in Pakistan. Journal of Pakistan Medical Association (Issue).
Ghous, Misbah and Yaqoob, Irum and Kanwal, Maria and Malik, Arshad Nawaz (2018) Effects of Kabat rehabilitation verses taping to reduce facial disability and synkinesis in Bell’s palsy. Rawal Medical Journal, 43 (3). pp. 543-546.
Humaira, S and Malik, Arshad Nawaz (2018) ASSOCIATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AND VOICE QUALITY IN TRAFFIC POLICE OFFICERS OF PAKISTAN. International Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences (IJRS), 3 (02). p. 46.
Hussain, Abeera and Awan, Waqar Ahmed and Babur, Muhammad Naveed and Hassan, Hasneeza (2018) Relationship Between Hamstring Flexibility Disability Related To Low Back Pain. International Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences (IJRS), 7 (01). pp. 20-23.
Hussain, Bilal and Akram, Mehran and Ghous, Misbah and Tariq, Muhammad Iqbal and Khan, Haseeb and Paracha, Mohsin (2018) The Association Between Physical activity with Cognitive And Cardiovascular Deconditioning In Age Related Decline Of College Students. Journal of Pakistan Medical Association, 68 (12). pp. 1755-1758.
Ishtiaq, Muhammad and Muhammad, Waseem and Mehmood, Rashid (2018) MicroRNA Regulation Along the Course of Cellular Reprogramming to Pluripotency. MicroRNA Regulation Along the Course of Cellular Reprogramming to Pluripotency, 8 (1). pp. 58-64. ISSN 1875-5666
Jahan, Saira and Khalid, Maria (2018) ASSOCIATION OF GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS WITH MATERNAL OBESITY AND PREECLAMPSIA. khyber medical university journal, 10 (1).
Jahan, Saira and Qazi, Wardah Ajaz and Khalid, Maria and Rafi, Urooj (2018) ASSOCIATION OF GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS WITH MATERNAL OBESITY AND PREECLAMPSIA: HOSPITAL-BASED CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY. KMUJ, 10 (1). pp. 19-22.
Jahan, Saira and Qazi, Wardah Ajaz and Khalid, Maria and Rafi, Urooj (2018) ASSOCIATION OF GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS WITH MATERNAL OBESITY AND PREECLAMPSIA: HOSPITAL-BASED CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY. KMUJ, 10 (1). pp. 19-22.
Kanwal, Raheela and Imran, Javeria and Awan, Waqar Ahmed and Khan, RabNawaz and Malik, Shomaila (2018) STRETCHING EXERCISES VERSUS DEEP FRICTION MASSAGE FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF PIRIFORMIS SYNDROME. The Rehabilitation Journal, 2 (02). pp. 65-69.
Kayani, Humaira and Malik, AN (2018) ASSOCIATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AND VOICE QUALITY IN TRAFFIC POLICE OFFICERS OF PAKISTAN. International Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences (IJRS), 3 (02). p. 46.
Khan, Komal and Ghous, Misbah and Malik, Arshad Nawaz and Amjad, Imran and Tariq, Muhammad Iqbal (2018) Effects of turning and cognitive training in fall prevention with dual task training in elderly with balance impairment. Rawal Medical Journal, 43 (1). pp. 124-128.
Khan, Komal and Ghous, Misbah and Malik, Arshad Nawaz and Amjad, Mian Imran and Tariq, Muhammad Iqbal (2018) Effects of turning and cognitive training in fall prevention with dual task training in elderly with balance impairment. Rawal Medical Journal, 43 (1). pp. 124-128.
Khan, Komal and Malik, Arshad Nawaz and Amjad, Imran (2018) Effects of turning and cognitive training in fall prevention with dual task training in elderly with balance impairment. Rawal Medical Journal, 43 (No. 1). pp. 124-128.
Khan, Komal and Malik, Arshad Nawaz and Ghous, Misbah (2018) Effects of turning and cognitive training in fall prevention with dual task training in elderly with balance impairment. RMJ., 43 (1). pp. 124-128.
Khan, Muhammad Nasir and Noor, Rehana and Awan, Waqar Ahmed (2018) The Role Of Digital Manipulation Of Larynx In Management Of Stuttering: A Case Study. International Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences (IJRS), 4 (02). p. 56.
Khan, Rab Nawaz and Aftab, Anam and Akram, Iqra and Nasar, Jamal and Farooq, Azhar and Janua, Usman Iqbal (2018) PATIENT'S SATISFACTION REGARDING PHYSIOTHERAPY SERVICES IN URBAN AREAS OF PAKISTAN. The Rehabilitation Journal, 2 (01). pp. 40-43.
Khan, Saima and Amjad, Imran and Tariq, Hina (2018) COMPARISON OF BALANCE PERFORMANCE BETWEEN DIABETIC AND ELDERLY POPULATION. International Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences (IJRS), 7 (01). pp. 12-15.
Kiani, Nida and Marryam, Misbah and Malik, Arshad Nawaz and Amjad, Imran (2018) The effect of aerobic exercises on balance in diabetic neuropathy patients. Journal Of Medical Sciences, 26 (2). pp. 141-145.
Kiani, Nida and Marryam, Misbah and Malik, Arshad Nawaz and Amjad, Imran (2018) The effect of aerobic exercises on balance in diabetic neuropathy patients. Journal Of Medical Sciences, 26 (2). pp. 141-145.
Kiani, Sania Khawar and Amjad, Imran (2018) Effectiveness of physical therapy on quality of life in geriatric population. The professional medical Journal, 25 (10). pp. 1474-1482.
Kiani, Sania Khawar and Batool, Fouzia (2018) Association of Neck Shoulder Pain and Low back Pain with the use of Digital Products, physical activity and psychological status among Professionals. In: National Scientific Congress.
Kiyani, Humaira Shamim and Naz, Sajida (2018) DEVELOPMENT OF NAMING, READING AND IMITATION SKILLS MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME FOR PATIENTS WITH BROCA'S APHASIA. Khyber Medical University Journal, 10 (3).
Kiyani, Mubin Mustafa and Jahan, Saira and Waseem, Mehwish and Ramzan, Tahir and Latif, Danish (2018) Comparing fasting homocysteine levels among healthy adults, diabetic and non diabetic cardiac patients. JRCRS, 6 (2). pp. 63-66.
Malik, Arshad Nawaz and Amjad, Imran (2018) Effect of circuit gait training vs traditional gait training on mobility performance in stroke. JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 68 (3). pp. 455-458.
Malik, Khansa Bashir and Nafees, Syeda Mehek and Sheraz, Suman (2018) Impact of low intensity physical activity on the vitals of normal individuals with varying BMI. JRCRS, 6 (1). pp. 29-32.
Marium, R and Babur, MN and Awan, Waqar Ahmed (2018) EFFECTIVENESS OF MANUAL MOBILIZATION IN ADHESIVE CAPSULITIS WITH OR WITHOUT ADVISING HOME EXERCISE PROGRAM. International Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences (IJRS), 3 (02). p. 49.
Marryam, Misbah and Malik, Tariq Mehmood and Malik, Arshad Nawaz and Amjad, Imran (2018) A COMPARISION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF NEURODYNAMICS VERSUS NERVE AND TENDON GLIDING EXERCISES ALONE FOR CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME. PAKISTAN ARMED FORCES MEDICAL JOURNAL, 68 (4). pp. 924-29.
Marryam, Misbah and Yasmeen, Rehana and Malik, Tariq Mehmood and Malik, Arshad Nawaz and Amjad, Imran (2018) A COMPARISION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF NEURODYNAMICS VERSUS NERVE AND TENDON GLIDING EXERCISES ALONE FOR CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME. Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal, 68 (4). pp. 924-29.
Memon, Aamir Raoof and Masood, Tahir and Awan, Waqar Ahmed and Waqas, Ahmed (2018) The effectiveness of an incentivized physical activity programme (Active Student) among female medical students in Pakistan: A Randomized Controlled Trial. JPMA J Pakistan Med Assoc, 68. pp. 1438-1445.
Muhammad, NB and Rasheed, Sonia and Shoaib, M and Hannan, A and Awan, Waqar Ahmed (2018) Manual Therapy Is More Effective Treatment Option for the Mechanical Low Back Pain in Middle Age Female Residence of Rural area of Azad Kashmir. International Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences (IJRS), 2 (01). pp. 9-12.
Mustafa, Mubin and Jahan, Saira and Waseem, Mehwish and Ramzan, Tahir and Latif, Danish (2018) Comparing fasting Homocysteine levels among healthy adults, diabetic and non-diabetic cardiac patients. Journal of riphah college of rehabilitation sciences, 7 (1).
Mustafa, Mubin and Jahan, Saira and Waseem, Mehwish and Ramzan, Tahir and Latif, Danish (2018) Comparing fasting Homocysteine levels among healthy adults, diabetic and non-diabetic cardiac patients. Journal of riphah college of rehabilitation sciences, 7 (1).
Nasim, Sidrah and Nawaz, Irum and Mazhar, Sana (2018) Life style assessment in the middle class population of Rawalpindi, Pakistan. RAWAL MEDICAL JOURNAL, 43 (3). p. 574.
Naureen, K and Naqsh-e-Zahra, S and Awan, Waqar Ahmed (2018) Molecular Modeling of Discoidin Domain Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 2 (DDR2) and ATPase, Na+/K+ Transporting, Alpha 4 Polypeptide (ATP1A4): Candidate Genes for Autosomal Recessive Cone-Rod Dystrophy (CORD8). International Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences (IJRS), 1 (02). pp. 53-57.
Niazi, Imran Khan and Amjad, Imran and Toor, Hamza Ghazanfar Mehmood and Afzal, Hina and Jochumsen, Mads and Shafiq, Muhmmad and Allen, Kathryn and Haavik, Heidi and Ahmed, Touqeer (2018) Effect of aerobic exercise on electroencephalogram parameters and cognitive functions in patients with mild cognitive impairment. In: XXII Congress of the International Society of Electrophysiology and Kinesiology, ISEK.
Paracha, Sajid and Baig, Mirza Obaid (2018) Effect of Action Observation Therapy in Spastic Kinds of Cerebral Palsy. Journal of Riphah College of Rehabilitation Sciences, 6 (2). pp. 84-89.
Qazi, Wardah Ajaz and Jahan, Saira and Rafi, Urooj and Bokhari, Nadia Ahmed and Habib, Zahra and Waqqar, Saira (2018) Comparison of outcomes in neonates of women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus. Foundation university medical journal, 3 (2). pp. 10-15.
Qazi, Wardah Ajaz and Jahan, Saira and Rafi, Urooj and Bokhari, Nadia Ahmed and Habib, Zahra and Waqqar, Saira (2018) Comparison of outcomes in neonates of women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus. Foundation university medical journal, 3 (2). pp. 10-15.
Rehman, Syed Shakil Ur and Mazhar, Maryam and Rafique, Nazish and Yaseen, Amna Ur and Kiani, Sania Khawar (2018) Comparison Between the Effects of Manual Traction and Opening Techniques in Cervical Radiculopathy. Journal of Riphah College of Rehabilitation Sciences, 6 (1). pp. 24-28.
Saeed, Aruba and Riaz, Huma (2018) Risk Factors of Non-specific neck pain in students: Case Control Study. JRCRS, 6 (1).
Shah, Marwa and Anjum, Izza and Zafar, Maria and Saeed, Aruba and Ghous, Misbah (2018) PROPRIOCEPTION DEFICITS. The Professional Medical Journal, 25 (10). pp. 1483-1486.
Shaheen, Farkhanda and Awan, Waqar Ahmed (2018) The role of stretching exercises in relieving constipation in the spastic cerebral palsy. International Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences (IJRS), 1 (01). pp. 35-40.
Shamim, Humaira and Naz, Sajida (2018) Development of naming, reading and imitation skills management programme for patients with Broca,s Aphasia. Khyber medical university journal, 10 (3). p. 127.
Shamim, Humaira and butt, Aeysha Kamal (2018) Analysis of Educational Environment of Speech and Language Pathology through DREEM Scale. Islamic Medical journal.
Sharifullah, A. Sajjad and Darain., H. and Khan, Asghar (2018) Comparison Of Sustained Pressure Vs Ischemic Compression On Trigger Points In Chronic Myofacial Pain Management. Khyber Medical University Journal, 10 (2). pp. 66-70.
Sharifullah, Mohammad and Sajjad, Abdul Ghafoor and Mubeen, Aqsa and Tariq, Muhammad Iqbal and Khan, Asghar and Darain, Haider (2018) Comparison of sustained pressure vs ischemic compression on trigger points in chronic myofacial pain management. Khyber Medical University Journal, 10 (2). pp. 66-70.
Siddiqi, Furqan Ahmed and Masood, Tahir and Azim, Muhammad Ehab and Malik, Arshad Nawaz and Babur, Muhammad Naveed (2018) Training reduces fall risk and improves mobility among elderly: a randomized controlled trial. Rawal Medical Journal, 43 (4). pp. 677-681.
Sultana, Abida and Nasim, Sidrah and Nawaz, Irum and Anwar, Bushra and Awais, Sayema (2018) Frequency and determinants of low birth weight in Allied Hospitals of Rawalpindi Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Rawal Medical Journal, 43 (1). pp. 98-101.
Tariq, Muhammad Iqbal and Ahmad, Faiq and Ayub, Nouman (2018) Frequency of Cardiovascular risk factors among the athletes and non-athletes. Journal of Riphah College of Rehabilitaion Sciences, 6 (2). pp. 71-75.
Ullah, Asad and Pirzada, Madeeha and Jahan, Sarwat and Ullah, Hizb and Shaheen, Ghazala and Rehman, Humaira and Siddiqui, Mariyam Fatima and Butt, Maisra Azhar (2018) Bisphenol A and its analogs bisphenol B, bisphenol F, and bisphenol S: Comparative in vitro and in vivo studies on the sperms and testicular tissues of rats. Chemosphere, 209. pp. 508-516.
Waqqar, Saira and Jahan, Saira (2018) Comparison of outcomes in neonates of women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus. "Foundation University Med J", 3 (2). pp. 10-13.
Waqqar, Saira and Masahal, Javeria and Muhammad, Gul and Tayyab, Tohmassub and Butt, Asif (2018) RISK FACTORS OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION DURING PREGNANCY. INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, 5 (12). pp. 14166-14171.
Waseem, Mehwish and Yaqoob, Naveed and Tariq, Muhammad Iqbal and Raza, Muhammad Qasim and Amjad, Imran (2018) Effects of Lower Limb Cycle Training on Echocardiographic Parameters of Left Ventricle in Dilated Cardiomyopathy Patients. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan: JCPSP, 28 (5). pp. 370-373.
Waseem, Mehwish and Yaqoob, Naveed and Tariq, Muhammad Iqbal and Raza, Muhammad Qasim and Amjad, Imran (2018) Effects of Lower Limb Cycle Training on Echocardiographic Parameters of Left Ventricle in Dilated Cardiomyopathy Patients. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan: JCPSP, 28 (5). pp. 370-373.
Waseem, Mehwish and Yaqoob, Naveed and Tariq, Muhammad Iqbal and Raza, Qasim and Amjad, Imran (2018) Effects of Lower Limb Cycle Training on Echocardiographic Parameters of Left Ventricle in Dilated Cardiomyopathy Patients. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP., 28 (5). pp. 370-373.
Yaqoob, Irum and Fayyaz, Rabia and Khan, Asghar (2018) Functional ability and quality of life of below knee amputees with prosthesis. Rawal Medical Journal, 43 (4). pp. 708-711.
Zahra, Arjamand and Khan, Sikander Ghayas and Butt, Ayesha Kamal and Noreen, Hafsa and Saeed, Muhammad Imtiaz and Iftikhar, Nayab (2018) Mode of tele-communication and software used by children with hearing impairment. Biomedical Research.
ul-Ain, Qurat and Malik, Arshad Nawaz and Amjad, Imran (2018) Effect of circuit gait training vs traditional gait training on mobility performance in stroke. Journal of Pakistan Medical Association, 68 (3). pp. 455-458.